ERS-1, the first European Remote Sensing satellite, was the first environmental monitoring satellite developed by ESA. The ERS-1 mission was launched in July 1991 and detected land and ocean surface change and provided observation data on oceans, polar ice, vegetation, geology, meteorology and ecology. It was followed by ERS-2, launched in April 1995, with a similar set of mission objectives and instruments. The ERS-1 mission came to an end in March 2000, while ERS-2 remained in operation until July 2011, when it was retired and ESA began the process of deorbiting.
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