The Huygens Probe was ESA’s element of the joint ASI-ESA-NASA mission to Saturn. It was launched from Cape Canaveral on a Titan IV rocket on 15 October 1997. After a seven-year journey to Saturn, the probe descended to the surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon on 14 January 2005, and touched down safely on Titan's frozen surface. Huygens provided a stream of data representing a unique treasure trove of in situ measurements from the planet-sized satellite. This was humanity's first successful attempt to land a probe on another world in the outer Solar System.

The Cluster mission investigated plasma processes in the Earth’s magnetosphere using four identical spacecraft simultaneously flying in a pyramid-like formation on an elliptical polar orbit to comprehensive and detailed observations of the magnetosphere and its environment. The four satellites of the original mission (FM1-FM4) were lost in the failure of the Ariane-5 demonstration launch in 1996. The four Cluster spacecraft of the replacement mission, called Rumba, Salsa, Samba and Tango (FM5-FM8), each carrying the same payload of 11 advanced instruments, were launched by Soyuz fregats from Baikonur: the first pair of satellites was launched on 16 July 2000, the second on 9 August 2000.

Despite a nominal lifetime of two years, the Cluster mission spent almost 24 years in orbit. The first of the four satellites, Salsa, underwent a targetted reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere on 8 September 2024, marking the end of the mission.

First satellite to be launched by the newly created ESA, in 1975, and the first European mission to study gamma-ray sources and to be dedicated to a single experiment. Cos-B’s single payload was a gamma-ray telescope which performed the first complete galactic survey in high-energy gamma rays.